bahasa inggris for beginner

MODAL PERFECTIVE
A. MAY+HAVE+V3
penggunaan:
-kemungkinan yang terjadi dimasa lalu dan MASIH ADA kaitan dengan PRESENT.

ex:
-X: i can't find my wallet
Y: you may have left it in your car.

B. MIGHT+HAVE+VERB 3
penggunaan:
kemungkinan yg "murni" terjadi di MASA LAMPAU.

ex:
-X: "He was late"
Y: "He might have missed the bus".

C. MUST+HAVE+V3
penggunaan:
"kepastian di masa lampau"

ex:
-X: I called her last night, but she didn't answer
Y: She must have been sleeping

D. SHOULD/OUGHT TO+HAVE+VERB3.
penggunaan:
sesuatu yg SEHARUSNYA dilakukan di MASA LAMPAU.
-M: "i lost my keys".
N: "You should have been more careful.

E. COULD+HAVE+V3
penggunaan:
sesuatu yg "bisa dilakukan" "dimasa lampau".
ex:

-P: " i need some money"
Q: " why didn't you call me?
you could have lent some from me.

D. MUST/HAVE TO +V1
it is used for obligation (kewajiban/keharusan).
ex:
All students must/have to submit their reports now.

COMPARE:
Must digunakan juga untuk kalimat larangan (musn't) dan tidak sebuah keharusan (don't have to+v1).
ex:
-We MUST NOT come at 9.
meaning:
kita DILARANG datang jam 9
-We DON'T HAVE TO come at 9.
meaning:
kita TIDAK HARUS datang jam 9.

E. MUST BE + ADJ
It is used for logical conclusion (kepastian).

ex:
-Mary has got a billion dollars from the lottery. She must be very rich



F. MAY/MIGHT
it is used fo possibility

ex:
- X: Where is Mark?
Y: He may be at the library.



MODALS
A. CAN/BE ABLE TO +V1
it is used for ABILITY.

ex:
-He CAN SWIM well
-He is able to swim well

B. COULD + V1
It is used for "past time ability".

ex:
-My Father could run for ten miles when he was young.

C. SHOULD/OUGHT TO + V1
It is used for suggestion (saran) and expectation (harapan).

*for suggestion
ex:
if you have dinner at that restaurant, you should try its pizza.

*for expectation
ex:
-Lisa has been living in Rome for two years. She should speak Italian fluently.